Rail tracks, rail bogies, aero-planes, ships, motor cars, bridge dams, tunnels and pipe lines required iron and steel.

Significance of iron and steel could be assessed through the following facts:

a) Fast, modern and cheap means of transport play decisive role in the economic development of a country. For this purpose, rails, ships, aero planes, motor vehicles etc.

b) If the supply of consumers goods are abundant in a country, it is the symptom that the country is self sufficient and does not depend on others. The consumers goods are made on machines which are made of iron and steel.

In the light of this discussion, it could confidently be concluded that if a country is deficient in iron and steel, it should not dream for the economic development.

In most of the countries is achieved in the solid form but iron, in fact, is achieved in the following kinds of oars.

With a iron weight of 70 per cent. The colour of such iron oar is reddish. Sometimes the iron is achieved in strips form in the oar called 'Layered Iron'. Hematite oar is mined excessively in Russia, America and India. The standard weight of this kind of iron is 5.0 and the standard hardness is 0.5.

The iron proportion in the Sidrite oar is 48 per cent and it is mostly mined in the European countries. there are various kinds of Sidrite iron oar.

Magnetites oar is black in colour because it contains the maximum iron percentage. The kind of iron oar mined from sweden is the same. Teh standard weight of this type is 5.4 and the standard hardness is 5.5.

Limonite oar contains the iron weight 50 pet cent. the special weight of water molecule is different but maximum is 3.8 while the standard hardness is 5.5. The colour of this kind of oar is either grey of yellowish. This iron oar is excessively mined in France and Britain.

The other metals mixed in the iron oar are lime, silica, aluminum, oxide, phospshorus, sulphur, manganese and the water molecules. The oar having more particles of sulphur and phosphate is not considered important for the iron purpose because it is difficult to clean therefore it becomes expensive.

Pakistan Steel is one of he important ventures in public sector industries, which is aimed at providing basic raw material to local high-tech industries in the country. The installed capacity of 1.1 million tonnes of raw steel is extendable up to 3 million tonnes. The main products of Pakistan Steel are coke, pig iron, billets, hot rolled coils / sheets, galvanized sheets etc. The re-structuring of Pakistan Steel is under active consideration of the government and a BMR project is under implementation on self-financing basis. The performance of Pakistan Steel is summarized.

Pakistan Steel has established 34 downstream industries in the private sector for optimum utilization of its production capacity. Another 9 units are in various stage of completion. Pakistan Steel has created a fully developed industrial estate with in its boundaries for the aspirant entrepreneurs to provide opportunity to locate downstream industry near the source of raw material.

Aluminum is one of the Pakistan's major Import. Pakistan can not develop the Aluminum due to the lack of technology. We hope that Pakistan will be developing Aluminum and saving the money and raise their export.